List of Accredited Transplant Nephrology Fellowship Programs

The transplant medicine fellowship program at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center is designed to provide the trainee with a well-rounded education in clinical kidney transplantation, transplant immunology and in transplant immunology research. At the end of the one-year program the trainee should be able to function independently in all aspects of clinical kidney transplantation and should be familiar with basic transplant research. The fellowship is primarily clinical. The goals of the fellowship in general transplant nephrology are to provide the transplant nephrology fellows with the capability and experience to diagnose and manage all transplant related disorders to understand the physiology of allograft rejection and calcineum toxicity to develop special expertise in the normal variations in renal function in the transplant patients, and to be familiar with the unique renal lesions associated with chronic rejection and viral infections in the immunocompromised host.

Mayo Clinic's campus in Jacksonville, Florida, is a leading center for kidney and pancreas transplantation, performing more than 200 kidney transplants annually. Emphasis is placed on overcoming barriers to transplantation while optimizing patient and allograft survival. Active clinical programs in the transplant center include: Living-donor and deceased-donor kidney transplantation Combined and Pancreas alone transplantation HIV positive transplantation Paired kidney donor program Hepatitis C NAT positive transplants Mayo Clinic's Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Program is a multidisciplinary team consisting of transplant nephrologists, transplant surgeons, mid-level providers, allied health professionals and general nephrology fellows. The renal transplant fellow is an integral part of this team. In addition to kidney and pancreas transplantation, the transplant center integrates programs in liver, heart, and lung to specifically facilitate collaboration in clinical, research, and educational pursuits among transplant specialists at Mayo Clinic. Exposure to renal diseases affecting other solid organ transplant recipients provides renal transplant fellows with unparalleled experience. Transplantation at Mayo Clinic Florida is supported by Transplant Critical Care, Transplant Infectious Disease, and Transplant Pathology, as well as HLA lab, Radiology, and Apheresis. In addition to caring for patients in their clinical practices, Mayo Clinic's faculty members are committed to teaching and facilitating the growth of medical knowledge. Many of our faculty members have published and lectured extensively and are highly regarded in their fields. There is a full curriculum of didactic teaching and mentoring for research is readily available. The trainee is given dedicated time during the fellowship to pursue active research interests. In addition, support is provided to attend national and international meetings. Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, has successfully graduated a number of renal transplant fellows as American Society Transplantation approved physicians. Our center continues to be recognized by AST as an approved center and offers trainees outstanding exposure to organ transplantation. Mayo Clinic welcomes applications from J1 visa holders and is an equal opportunity employer. Educational goals for the Renal Transplant Fellowship are to: •Proficiently manage kidney transplant patients throughout the continuum of care, from the initial evaluation process through long-term follow-up care •Prepare for a successful career in nephrology with an emphasis on kidney or pancreas transplantation or both •Apply innovative, multidisciplinary protocols for living-donor and deceased donor kidney transplantation •Achieve eligibility for future United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) certification in kidney and pancreas transplantation •Obtain expanded academic and research experience in the area of organ transplantation Accreditation Mayo Clinic's Renal Transplant Fellowship is accredited by the American Society of Transplantation through the Transplant Nephrology Fellowship Training Accreditation Program. The American Board of Internal Medicine also supports the fellowship as a nonstandard (N+1) program for foreign medical graduates on J-1 exchange visas. Certification Successful completion of the Renal Transplant Fellowship should allow you to meet criteria set forth by UNOS for designation as a renal transplant physician and a pancreas transplant physician. Program history The Renal Transplant Fellowship at Mayo Clinic's campus in Florida began in 2015. We anticipate that one trainee will complete this program annually. Mayo Clinic also has an established general Nephrology Fellowship at the Florida campus.

The Northwestern Transplant Nephrology Fellowship consists of evaluating and managing kidney transplant candidates and recipients. The pre- and post-transplant management of kidney transplant candidates and the immediate post-operative management are a major focus of training. The fellow attends a required number of deceased donor procedures, kidney donor procedures, and other relevant surgical  procedures in order to gain a thorough understanding of surgical issues related to care of kidney transplant recipients and allow UNOS certification.

Ochsner is a tertiary care referral facility with over 1000 physicians, 8 hospitals, and the largest transplant center in the region. In 2020 despite the struggles and uncertainty caused by the pandemic we performed149 single kidneys 17 simultaneous kidney/pancreas, 11 Combined Liver/Kidney and 3 Combined Heart Kidney transplants. We also have a very active Heart, Lung, Bone marrow and Liver alone transplant programs. Currently we have 3 full time Transplant Nephrologists, 9 Transplant Surgeons, 20 Transplant Coordinators, and 10 advanced practice providers a tissue typing laboratory, and a world class Renal Pathologist. We have all the structure necessary to provide excellent care to our transplant patients and education to our trainees. Ochsner kidney transplant program was ranked # 2 in the nation by Carechex in 2012, and our liver transplant program has been ranked #1 i from 2012 to 2016. In 2018 our heart transplant program performed the 1000th heart transplant since his creation in the 1970’s. Two graduates from our ACGME approved Nephrology Fellowship program have joined 2 well recognized Transplant Nephrology Fellowship training programs, which speaks of our commitment to the education of our Nephrology Fellows. Our Transplant Nephrology Fellowship program will develop a dedicated, competent, academically oriented Transplant Nephrologist, who will deliver the highest standard of care to transplant allograft recipients with medical renal disease. In this era of lifelong learning, the core competency model and patient safety remain critical to the delivery of health care that is compassionate and driven by evidence-based medicine. The Transplant Nephrology Fellow will have a crucial role in the assessment and management of our allograft recipients during the evaluation process, transplant, and postoperative management phase.

The Transplant Fellow (with supervision provided by the Staff Transplant Nephrologist) will be responsible for the evaluation of transplant recipients, discussion during transplant selection meeting, perioperative care, performance of allograft biopsies, and follow up in our outpatient clinic. The fellow will provide co-management  responsibility with the Transplant Surgeon from the perioperative through the outpatient period for all kidney and pancreas transplant recipients. The fellow (as an integral part of the transplant team) will be responsible for the selection and administration of induction and maintenance immunosuppression according with accepted protocols in our institution. By the completion of training, the fellow with be well versed in all the indications, contraindications and the potential side effects of using various  immunosuppressive agents. Our transplant fellow will be able to attend CME meetings, generous benefit package, junior faculty appointment at our institution, vacations and enough time to study and learn in depth the field of transplant nephrology. Our multidisciplinary approach will provide an unparalleled experience according with the new trends in the practice of evidence-based medicine. The transplant Fellow with supervision provided by the staff transplant nephrologist) will be responsible for the evaluation of transplant recipients, discussion during transplant selection meeting, perioperative care, performance of allograft biopsies and follow up in our outpatient clinic. The fellow will provide co-management responsibility with the transplant surgeon from the perioperative through the outpatient period in both deceased donor as well as living donor transplant recipients. The fellow (as integral part of the transplant team) will be responsible for the selection and administration of induction and maintenance  immunosuppression according with accepted protocols in our institution. His/her input will be critical for the decision-making process including indications, contra-indications and potential side effects.

The program has access to a wide range of resources to support the educational mission. A diverse and committed faculty is a key resource of the program and essential for the orchestration of daily educational activities. Which include: Daily teaching rounds, core curriculum lectures; longitudinal outpatient clinics, pre transplant and donor clinic, patient safety conference (morbidity and Mortality); transplant selection meeting, QAPI, patient care meeting as well as renal pathology conference twice a week with Vanderbilt Department of Pathology. The curriculum is designed to provide a comprehensive review of the core topics in transplant nephrology. In addition, daily mentorship, review papers and input from all members from the transplant clinic will create the fund of knowledge for our trainee. (Please see below other educational resources) The supervising faculty member bears medical and legal responsibility for all final decisions relating to the management of potential transplant candidates, transplant recipient and complications related with patient care. Supervising faculty will be committed to the educational goals and objectives of the Transplant Nephrology training program. Accordingly, the schedule of the supervising faculty member will be adjusted to allow for protected time during teaching rotations for the supervision of the fellow in both the in-patient and out-patient settings. Teaching rounds will be approximately 3 hours per day. If a conflict between service duties and educational activities occurs, the supervising faculty will be responsible for patient care activities and the fellow will be instructed to attend the educational conferences. The program director will be responsible for maintaining the balance between education and clinical responsibilities

Please see below the topics covered during the core curriculum lectures: CORES TOPICS: Transplant Immunology Pharmacology/Immunosuppression Medical Complications of Transplantation Organ Allocation Pretransplant Evaluation of the Recipient Pretransplant Evaluation of the Living Donor Graft Dysfunction Expected outcomes/Risk factors Special Issues in Pediatric renal Transplantation Pregnancy and contraception Ethics of transplantation Pancreas transplantation Kidney transplantation in other solid organs transplant recipients Transplantation of ABO-incompatible and cross match incompatible individuals Paired kidney exchange program Business and administrative aspects of transplantation Resource materials to be used: Ochsner Medical Library provides access to subspecialty journal and the electronic media to assist the fellow in the preparation of journal clubs, case reports and renal biopsy conference. These can be accessed from any computer at Ochsner and can also access it remotely from home. The Fellow will have access to the renal transplant core curriculum sponsored by the American Society of Transplantation The transplant Fellow is also encouraged to attend the General Nephrology lectures. Transplant fellow will have access to the electronic learning resources offered by the American Society of Transplantation. The transplant core curriculum will not interfere with lecture schedule with General Nephrology didactics The program will cover expenses for a CME activity in the field of Transplant Nephrology .Also our trainee will have access to the ASN learning distance program where the fellow will be able to review core topics of transplant nephrology by national experts in the area Research Opportunities: In addition to the daily clinical activities, fellows will be encouraged to participate in research/scholarly activities and to publish abstracts and other publications (case report, case series). The fellow is also welcome to participate in  pharmacologic company sponsored research. Under faculty mentorship will participate in the design of the research project: including the development of hypothesis to be tested, appropriate methodology, results and statistical analysis. Faculty members will provide the background reading and theory for research projects The IRB has a series of lectures titled “Responsible Conduct in Research” Lecture series 2015 which are given in a monthly basis the second Tuesday of the month at 12 noon time. In the lecture the speaker usually addresses FDA regulations, legal and ethical aspects of research. These lectures will be incorporated into the core curriculum for the transplant nephrology fellow. All the trainees participating in research are required to take the CITI (Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative) course for the protection of human subjects. Completion of the CITI course is one of the requirements for protocol approval by the IRB. Ochsner Health system provides access to the required training through an interactive online tutorial. Among other the fellows will be given the opportunity to apply to the National Kidney Foundation of Louisiana for the Scientific Advisory Boards funding program. We have a General nephrology fellowship training program (with 6 positions available) which was approved by the ACGME in 2012 and underwent a very successful site visit in June 2015. Each General Nephrology fellow rotates 1 month per year (total 2 months during the entire training). We also have Nephrology fellows from Louisiana State University (LSU). About 6 months a year according with LSU schedule. We maintain an excellent relation with both programs and are delighted to provide a very comprehensive educational experience to both institutions. As a testimony two of our graduates chose to pursue a career in transplant nephrology and obtained positions at top class institutions in the United States. Due to the transplant volume in the last 5 years, we have observed a significant increase in-patient census, outpatient referrals, transfers from other institutions, transplant allograft biopsies and outpatient follow ups, therefore we have no doubt that all the trainees will have enough patients to meet their educational needs. Staff transplant nephrologist will meet with rotating fellow and transplant fellow to discuss patient assignment daily. New consults will be distributed in a sequential fashion to maintain balance and fairness. In the case more than a fellow is on the in-patient service the new consults will be rotated daily as well as the new transplants to maintain continuity of care throughout the period rotating in the acute setting.

We offer a Transplant Nephrology Fellowship Program certified by the American Society of Transplantation with a comprehensive, stimulating curriculum. The clinical component of our program will be tailored to the specific needs of the transplant fellow and will consist of: Clinical Component Six months of inpatient service, following our kidney and pancreas transplant patients as a senior fellow. Weekly Transplant meeting and conference. 4-6 out-patient clinics per week in Transplant Nephrology. You will evaluate pre-and post-transplant patients (Kidney, Pancreas candidates), communicate with their referring  nephrologists and present these patients at Kidney Intake meeting. Performing outpatient transplant biopsies. Observation of as many transplants as possible, joining surgeons on local retrievals of organs for both kidney and pancreas. One month spent in transplant pathology/radiology training. One month spent in the histocompatibility lab. Three months will be spent on a guided independent research project. Didactic Component Guided independent study Weekly research conferences in transplant-related subjects by local and invited speakers. Attendance at American Transplant Congress Annual Meeting and the American Society of Transplantation Fellow's conference.

Our transplant nephrology fellowship program is a one-year program that provides a clinical training in the transplant nephrology field. We accept candidates who completed at least two years general nephrology fellowship training. Our mission is to provide comprehensive training in transplant nephrology to feed the national transplant workforce with physicians well-equipped to provide high quality patient care, promote innovation, advance transplant research, and severe as future leaders in the transplant community.

The transplant fellowship program at the Transplant Institute at Henry Ford Hospital provides an academically sound atmosphere to nephrology for training into excellent transplant physicians. 70% of the fellows who have trained here have gone into practice at academic transplant centers.

The Renal Transplant Fellowship at Mayo Clinic's campus in Rochester, Minnesota, is a one-year accredited program. It offers fellows exposure to a large number of routine kidney and pancreas transplants, as well as exposure to highly complex cases requiring specialized expertise. These include highly sensitized recipients, patients with glomerulonephritis and high risk of recurrence, and complex living
kidney donors. Fellows gain exposure to a large living-donor program and a kidney paired donation program. The program is also known for long-term follow-up that incorporates protocol biopsies. Educational goals for the Renal Transplant Fellowship are to: • Proficiently manage kidney transplant patients throughout the continuum of care, from the initial evaluation process through long-term follow-up care
• Prepare for a successful career in nephrology with an emphasis on kidney and/or pancreas transplantation • Apply innovative, multidisciplinary protocols for living and deceased donor kidney transplantation • Achieve eligibility for future United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) certification in kidney and pancreas transplantation • Obtain expanded academic and research experience in the area of organ transplantation.

The Duke University Transplant Center and Division of Nephrology are excited to offer a one year fellowship to qualified board eligible nephrologists interested in a career in transplant nephrology. This 12-month program offers a unique multidisciplinary training experience in a thriving kidney transplant program, which performs over 150 kidney transplants annually. As a high volume solid-organ transplant center, trainees are exposed to a diverse patient population that includes recipients of liver, heart, and lung transplants. With joint nephrology-surgery inpatient rounds and an integrated outpatient clinic, trainees participate in patient care beginning with the transplant event, and follow newly transplanted patients from their first visit to the outpatient clinic. This allows trainees to have continuity of care with individual patients throughout their first year of transplant. Trainees will additionally be provided a strong mix of learning opportunities that span the year. These include a structured didactic curriculum, access to a comprehensive on-line lecture series, teaching opportunities in the general nephrology fellowship transplant curriculum, a guided review of seminal articles in transplantation, and a hands-on rotation in the transplant HLA-laboratory. Fellows will attend transplant administrative and clinical conferences to get a complete look at the inner processes of a large academic transplant program. These include participation in the Donor and Recipient Selection Committees, the Quality and Performance Improvement meetings, Program Retreats, and the Morbidity and Mortality conferences. Trainees are encouraged to pursue research or other academic projects throughout their year, and are given access to accomplished faculty with a wide array of interests in nephrology, immunology, and kidney transplantation. Faculty are committed teachers and mentors, dedicated to the career development and long term success of our trainees. The ultimate goal of our transplant nephrology fellowship is to develop both complete physicians, comfortable with all aspects clinical transplantation, as well as capable leaders with the knowledge and ability to direct a multidisciplinary transplant program.

The CUMC Transplant Nephrology Fellowship provides comprehensive clinical training in all aspects of kidney transplantation in a very busy academic renal/pancreas transplant program utilizing high KDPI deceased donor kidneys, + cross match protocols, paired kidney exchanges and ABO incompatible transplants. The Fellow does 6 months on the in-patient service and 6 months out-patient, working closely with the Transplant Nephrologists and Surgeons on a daily basis with progressively increasing responsibilities. The Fellow is fully involved with decision-making and is a very important member of the patient care team. By the completion of their training, our Transplant Fellows will have expertise in caring for patients in every stage of the transplant process, including pre-transplant evaluation and selection, hospitalization for the transplant procedure, in-patient and out-patient post-transplant care – early after transplantation and long-term, as well as live donor evaluation and selection.

The Cleveland Clinic department of Nephrology & Hypertension is pleased to offer specialized training in the field of transplant nephrology. This is a one year fellowship sanctioned by the AST Transplant Nephrology Fellowship Training Accreditation Program, LLC and is designed to provide a clinically rigorous and academically stimulating year dedicated to produce nephrologists competent in managing a highly complex transplant patient population and potentially direct a transplant program of their own. Interested applicants should visit the Cleveland Clinic nephrology fellowship website.

In our program the renal transplant fellow plays an instrumental role in the pre-operative, peri-operative and post-operative care of recipients'. Over the course of twelve months the transplant fellow completes the following rotations; six months of in-patient care, and six months of outpatient clinics (e.g. recipient follow-up clinics, potential recipient and donor clinics). Along with the Attending Nephrologist, the fellow grades the overall immunologic risk and recommends the immunosupression regimen. The fellow conducts daily in-patient rounds on recipients, monitoring allograft function and immunosuppression drug levels. After discharge a recipients' clinical course is closely monitored by the fellow in the follow-up clinic. Along with the Attending Nephrologist the fellow manages short-term and long-term transplant complications detected during follow-up clinic visits. Scheduled didactic teaching is provided in monthly academic half-days, where preset topics are reviewed/discussed between the fellow and a Nephrology consultant. The topics of the didactic sessions range from basic immunology to common clinical scenarios (i.e. acute cellular rejection/induction immunosuppression). This will enable the transplant fellow to understand the mechanisms and appropriate treatment of conditions encountered during the clinical rotations.

The transplant program has been in contiuous existence since 1964. Hospital is situated in the city limits and serves predominantly inner city population. Has robust referral pattern from the Tri-state region. Very active program, with the second largest wait-list in the region. Has on-site HLA laboratory and opportunities for clinical and basic research.

Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute is a fast growing program in Memphis, TN, that has a unique structure where transplant nephrologist, transplant hepatologist as well as transplant surgeons work together collaboratively. Our training program offers a training experience certified by the ASN/AST credentialing program, which includes at least 8 month clinical experience in which the trainee will manage renal transplant recipients as the primary care giver in both an inpatient and outpatient setting as well as donor and recipient evaluations, kidney graft biopsy, and all prominent features of the clinical experience. Our transplant nephrology fellowship program also offers a rigorous educational requirement including, but not limited to, journal club to discuss landmark studies of the field of kidney transplantation as well as recently published papers and month biopsy rounds. In addition to the one – year only clinical track, there is also a unique opportunity to get formal scientific education in our two – years combined clinical /research track. This track allows the opportunity to obtain formal degree (Master of Epidemiology or Certificate in Clinical Investigation) as well as perform basic science or clinical science research projects. The program may contribute to reimburse the entire or partial portion of the tuition fee of the formal degree. 

The Transplant nephrology fellow will spend a total of 6 months on the inpatient service and 6 months in the outpatient setting. The inpatient service is a combined medical-surgical team in which the transplant fellow provides are for new transplant recipients in addition to patients admitted for post-transplant complications. Outpatient months include living donor and recipient evaluations, with two months protected for research. During these research months, the fellow works on a project of their interest under the direction of either transplant nephrologists, surgeons, or the HLA lab personnel, Didactic sessions include a lecture series with transplant dedicated lectures 1-2 times
a month, transplant journal club in conjunction with our transplant surgery team monthly, weekly review of pathology with transplant pathologists, nephrologists, and surgeons, weekly grand rounds, and a structured HLA course. Please refer to below for our weekly educational schedules, annual clinical schedule, and weekly clinical schedule. The fellow is expected to attend three outpatient clinics per week while on both inpatient and outpatient months to ensure the best opportunity for continuity of care. The fellow is protected from clinical duties during the weekly core curriculum, grand rounds, and monthly journal club. EDUCATIONAL SCHEDULE: Monday - Renal
Transplant Pathology Conference, Tuesday - Department of Internal Medicine Grand Rounds at Houston Methodist Hospital, Wednesday - Baylor College of  Medicine/Houston Methodist Renal Grand Rounds. 1X Monthly Transplant Surgery Grand Rounds, Thursday -General Nephrology and Transplant Nephrology Core Curriculum. CLINICAL SCHEDULE: The following is the 12 month schedule of Transplant Nephrology: 1 - HLF Lab, 2 - Transplant Outpatient and Kidney Donor Evaluation, 3 - Infectious Diseases/Elective, 4 - Inpatient, 5 - Inpatient, 6 - Inpatient, 7 - Inpatient, 8 - Inpatient, 9 - Inpatient, 10 - Research, 11 - Renal Pathology, 12 - Research.
CLINICS AND ROUNDS: Monday - Transplant Clinic. Manage immediate post-transplant kidney and kidney pancreas recipients on a weekly to monthly basis and long-term transplant recipients on an annual basis in conjunction with transplant surgery and other ancillary staff. Thursday - Transplant Nephrology Clinic. The transplant nephrology fellow works alongside transplant nephrologists in managing immediate post-transplant kidney recipients, but principally in the care of long-term kidney and kidney pancreas transplant recipients. He or she is an integral part of developing comprehensive care protocols involving cardiovascular, mineral bone disease, and malignancy screening and treatment. In the event of allograft rejection, the transplant nephrology fellow collaborates with the transplant nephrologists and pharmacists to devise a treatment plan. Friday - Immediate Post-transplant Follow-up Clinic. This clinic provides the transplant nephrology fellow the opportunity to provide comprehensive clinical management of the immediate post-transplant patients. He or she primarily manages the patients under the supervision of AST certified nephrologists. RESOURCES USED: Textbooks: A) Handbook of Kidney Transplantation - 6th edition, Dr. Gabriel Danovitch, Wolters Kluwer 2017 B) The Living Donor Transplantation - Edited by Henkie P. Tan, Amadeo Marcos, Ron Shapiro, Informa Healthcare 2007 - AST Comprehensive Trainee Curriculum - A) Renal 1. Evaluation of Recipient Candidacy for Renal Transplantation, 2. Deceased Donor Kidney Allocation in the US, 3. Induction and Maintenance Immunosuppression in Renal Transplantation, 4. Overview of Rejection: Diagnosis, Pathology, Management and Outcomes, 5. Renal Graft Pathology, B) Basic Immunology, 1. Clinical Assays of Immune Function and Transplantations, 2. Histocompatibility Techniques and Risk Assessment before and after Transplantation, C) Pharmacology, 1. Induction/Rejection Therapy (Immunosuppression pharmacokinetics and drug therapy monitoring), 2. Immunosuppression pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring. Part 2 - Maintenance Immunosuppression, 3. Drug Interactions and Safety, D) Other 1. Psychosocial Aspects of Organ Transplantation and Living Donation, 2. Regulatory Issues in Transplantation: CMS, UNOS, SRTR, Outcome reporting, 3. Women's Health Issues (Sexual, pregnancy, contraception)

The UVA Transplant Nephrology has 1 position available for each academic year starting in July. Fellows take responsibility in the management of kidney transplant recipients, multiorgan (i.e. kidney and pancreas, kidney and liver, kidney and heart) transplant recipients, as well as nephrology care for non-renal solid organ transplant recipients. Training covers the management of immunosuppressive therapy, medical and surgical complications after transplantation, and long-term care of transplant recipients. Our program includes experience with, formal exposure and didactics in donor and recipient evaluation, renal biopsy technique, renal pathology, surgical care, and non-renal solid organ transplantation. UVA is active in desensitization prior to living donor transplant for sensitized donors, ABO incompatible donor-recipient pairs, and paired donor exchange. Our HLA laboratory and tissue typing training is a strength of our program. Fellows devote 6 months of their time to clinical training and 6 months to research and scholarly activities. Our transplant faculty members participate in a variety of clinical and basic science research activities and transplant fellows will develop their own research projects. NIH funding via a T32 grant is available to fund fellows interested in gaining further research experience.

The Transplant Nephrology Fellowship training involves exposure to kidney and pancreas transplantation in the outpatient and inpatient setting. The Transplant Nephrology Fellowship training will cover the management of kidney and pancreas transplant recipients, understanding and managing of immunosuppressive therapies, handling of medical and surgical complications early after transplantation as well as long-term care of kidney transplant recipients.  The Transplant Nephrology Fellowship training program includes formal exposure and instruction in donor-recipient evaluation, renal transplant biopsy, nephropathology, non-renal solid organ transplantation, living and deceased kidney procurement, ABO incompatible kidney transplant, HLA laboratories as well as clinical and basic science research in kidney transplantation.